Science & TechHow it works
How baking powder puffs up a cake, and why baking soda alone can't.
Baking powder is sodium bicarbonate plus a dry acid plus a little starch against moisture. As soon as liquid joins, base and acid react and release CO2; the bubbles stretch the batter. Double-acting kinds release a second dose of gas only in the oven's heat. Plain baking soda needs an acid from the recipe: buttermilk, lemon juice or yoghurt.
Useful: Recipe calls for baking soda but has nothing acidic? The cake stays flat and tastes soapy.
Source: en.wikipedia.org