Body & HealthMental model
An accident needs holes that happen to line up.
James Reason described safety systems around 1990 as a stack of cheese slices: each layer is a barrier, each hole a weakness. Only when the holes in every layer happen to align does the hazard pass through. He separates active failures from latent ones that lie dormant for a long time.
Useful: Look-alike drug packages stored side by side are a latent hole – long before anything goes wrong.
Source: en.wikipedia.org