Fewer than 10 percent solve this four-card task.
Four cards show 3, 8, blue and red. Rule: "if a card shows an even number, its other side is blue." Which do you turn? The answer is 8 and red – you must look for the possible counterexample. Framed as a social rule ("drinkers must be over 18") most people get it.
Useful: Test rules by hunting for the case that would refute them, not for confirmation.
Source: en.wikipedia.org